“Okwedlule Namanje” Kwezinga Likazwelonke Lenjini Yomlilo

Izicishamlilo zingabavikeli bezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla, kanti amaloli ezicishamlilo kuyizona zinsizakusebenza izicishamlilo ezithembele kuzo ukubhekana nemililo nezinye izinhlekelele.Iloli lokuqala lomlilo lenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi emhlabeni (injini evuthayo yangaphakathi eshayela kokubili imoto kanye nephampu yomlilo) lakhiqizwa eJalimane ngo-1910, futhi iloli lokuqala lezwe lami lomlilo lakhiqizwa ngo-1932 yi-Shanghai Aurora Machinery Iron Factory.Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNew China, iqembu kanye nohulumeni banamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuvikela umlilo.Ngo-1965, uMnyango Wezomlilo wangaphambili woMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (manje oyi-Emergency Management Department Rescue Bureau) wahlela i-Shanghai Fire Equipment Factory, i-Changchun Fire Equipment Factory kanye ne-Aurora Fire Machinery Factory.Abakhiqizi bezimoto ngokuhlanganyela baklama futhi bakha iloli lokuqala lomlilo elikhiqizwe ngobuningi eNew China, iloli lomlilo lamathangi lamanzi i-CG13, e-Shanghai, futhi lafakwa ngokusemthethweni ekukhiqizeni ngo-1967. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezenhlalakahle, imboni yamaloli ezicishamlilo yezwe lami. iphinde yathuthukiswa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngezinhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo ezifana nokuphakamisa amaloli omlilo kanye namaloli omlilo wokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo avele.
Injini yomlilo yokuqala yaseChina (imodeli ye-China Fire Museum)

Iloli lokuqala lomlilo laseChina (imodeli ye-China Fire Museum)

Izinga lamaloli omlilo lihlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kwezokucisha umlilokanye namathimba abatakuli ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokucisha umlilo neyokuhlenga, ethinta ngqo ukuphepha kwezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla.Ngakho-ke, ukubuyekezwa kwamazinga alo kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokulwa kwamaqembu ezicishamlilo nawokutakula.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamaloli ezicishamlilo, ngo-1987, uMqondisi uLi Enxiang wesikhungo sangaphambili saseShanghai Fire Science Research Institute soMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (manje osekuyiShanghai Fire Research Institute of the Emergency Management Department, okuzobizwa ngawo ngokuthi “ I-Shangxiao Institute”) yengamele ukwakhiwa kweloli lokuqala labacimi-mlilo ezweni lakithi.Izinga lomkhiqizo likazwelonke eliphoqelekile "Izidingo zokusebenza kwamaloli omlilo nezindlela zokuhlola" (GB 7956-87).Inguqulo ye-87 yezinga leloli lomlilo ligxile ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwemoto nokuthembeka, njengokusebenza kokusheshisa imoto, ukucindezela kokugeleza kwepompo yamanzi, isikhathi sokuphakamisa iloli eliphakamisayo, njll., ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kwephampu yomlilo, isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo, njll. Inani elikhulu lezifundo zokuhlola nokuqinisekiswa kwenziwe, futhi izinto zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic ezihlobene nezindlela zokuhlola sezisetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje.Ukwakhiwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwaleli zinga kudlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic namandla okucisha umlilo ezimoto ezicisha umlilo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1998, uhlelo lokuqala olubuyekeziwe lwe-GB 7956 “Izimfuneko Zokusebenza Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zamaloli Omlilo” lwakhululwa futhi lwasetshenziswa.Ngokusekelwe kunguqulo ye-87 yezinga, le nguqulo ihlanganisa izimo ezithile zikazwelonke zokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwamaloli omlilo kanye namazinga afanele nemithethonqubo yezimoto okufanele ilandelwe.Iphinde ithuthukise ukusebenza kokucisha umlilo nezinto zokuhlola ukwethembeka kwamaloli ezicishamlilo, futhi ibuyekeze ukusebenza kwamabhuleki kwamaloli ezicishamlilo Izidingo zokuhlola nezindlela zithuthukise ukuguquguquka kokucushwa kwamaloli omlilo.Ngokuvamile, inguqulo engu-98 yezinga leloli lomlilo lizuza ifa lombono ovamile wenguqulo engu-87, ikakhulukazi egxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kweloli lomlilo.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto yezwe lami, ubuchwepheshe bokucisha umlilo kanye nokuhlenga, kanye nokwandiswa kwemisebenzi yamaqembu ezicishamlilo nabatakuli, izinhlobo zamaloli ezicishamlilo ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu.Zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obusha, imishini emisha, namaqhinga amasha asetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu Izidingo zokuphepha kanye nobuntu bokusetshenziswa kwamaloli omlilo zilokhu zikhula, futhi inguqulo ye-98 yezinga lamaloli omlilo kancane kancane ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo.Ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zesimo esisha, ukulinganisa imakethe yamaloli ezicishamlilo, futhi kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo, iNational Standardization Management Committee ikhiphe umsebenzi wokubuyekeza izinga lamaloli omlilo we-GB 7956 e-Shanghai Consumer Consumers Institute. ngo-2006. Ngo-2009, izinga likazwelonke le-GB 7956 “Iloli Lomlilo” elibuyekeziwe lathunyelwa ukuze libuyekezwe.Ngo-2010, i-Fire Bureau yangaphambili yoMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (manje oyi-Fire Rescue Bureau yoMnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo) yabheka ukuthi izimoto eziningi kakhulu ezifakwe kuzinga azihambisani nokusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinga, futhi yanquma. ukuhlukanisa indinganiso ibe yizilinganiso ezingaphansi ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli ezicishamlilo, okwenza i-GB Mandatory standard kazwelonke yochungechunge lwamaloli omlilo we-7956.Ukwakhiwa kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezindinganiso zamaloli omlilo kwakungamele uMqondisi u-Fan Hua, Umcwaningi u-Wan Ming, kanye Nomcwaningi Ohlangene u-Jiang Xudong we-Shanghai Consumer Institute.Kubandakanya izilinganiso ezingaphansi ezingama-24 (ezingu-12 zazo zikhishiwe futhi zasetshenziswa, eziyisi-6 zithunyelwe ukuze zigunyazwe, futhi ukuhanjiswa ukuze kubuyekezwe sekuqediwe. izidingo zobuchwepheshe zezinhlobo ezingu-37 zemikhiqizo yamaloli ezicishamlilo ezigabeni ezingu-4, okuhlanganisa ukulwa nomlilo, ukuphakamisa, isevisi ekhethekile, nokuphepha.

I-GB7956.1-2014 Standard Promotion Conference

Uchungechunge olusanda kwakhiwa lwe-GB 7956 lwamaloli omlilo oluyimpoqo okuyizindinganiso zikazwelonke ngokokuqala ngqa lwakha uhlelo oluphelele lwamaloli omlilo e-China.Izigaba zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuklama, ukukhiqizwa, ukuhlolwa, ukwamukelwa, nokugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo.Okuqukethwe kubanzi futhi izinkomba zifanelekile., Isondelene kakhulu nezicishamlilo zangempela, ukusebenza okuqinile, nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamanje zezimoto zase-China, izimiso zokuphatha ezifanele zemikhiqizo yokuvikela umlilo, kanye nemithetho yesitifiketi yesitifiketi seloli lomlilo nezinye iziqondiso namazinga.Ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamaloli omlilo yaseChina kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe..Enqubweni yokulungiselela uchungechunge lwamazinga, isipiliyoni esithuthukisiwe sabakhiqizi bezimoto zokulwa nomlilo basekhaya nabangaphandle sekushiwo.Iningi lamapharamitha obuchwepheshe atholakala ngocwaningo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle kanye nemiboniso yokuhlola.Inani lezidingo zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuhlola zihlongozwa okokuqala ngqa ekhaya naphesheya.Eminyakeni yamuva, amalungelo azimele empahla yobuhlakani akhuthaze ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwekhwalithi yamaloli ezicishamlilo ezwe lami futhi asheshisa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yangaphandle.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kokusebenza kwe-hydraulic yeloli yomlilo wegwebu
Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kokusebenza kwe-hydraulic yeloli yomlilo wegwebu
Hlola ukuqinisekiswa kwengcindezi kanye nobunzima ekuqhumeni kweloli lomlilo eliphakanyisiwe
Hlola ukuqinisekiswa kwengcindezi kanye nobunzima ekuqhumeni kweloli lomlilo eliphakanyisiwe
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kokuzinza kweloli lomlilo eliphakamisayo
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuhlola Ukuzinza Kweloli Lomlilo Eliphakamisayo
Izinga le-GB 7956 lochungechunge lweloli lomlilo alisona nje isisekelo esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe sokufinyelela emakethe nokuqondisa kwekhwalithi yamaloli omlilo, kodwa futhi nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yokuklama umkhiqizo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi bamaloli omlilo.Ngaso leso sikhathi, iphinde ihlinzekele ukuthengwa, ukwamukelwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa kwamaloli ezicishamlilo emaqenjini okuhlenga umlilo.Inikeza isiqinisekiso esithembekile sobuchwepheshe.Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngamabhizinisi, ama-ejensi wokuhlola nezitifiketi emazweni ahlukahlukene, uchungechunge lwezindinganiso luphinde lwahunyushelwa ezinguqulweni zesiNgisi nesiJalimane ngabakhiqizi bamaloli omlilo angaphandle futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi yi-European and American certification and testing agencies.Ukukhishwa kochungechunge lwamazinga e-GB 7956 kusebenzisa imithetho esebenzayo futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko nenqubekela phambili yemboni yamaloli ezicishamlilo, kusheshisa ukuthatha umhlalaphansi nokuqedwa kobuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo ephelelwe yisikhathi, futhi kubambe iqhaza elinamandla ekuthuthukiseni izinga locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe izimoto zezwe lami zokucisha umlilo kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini yethimba lokuhlenga umlilo.Nakuba yenza umnikelo obalulekile ekuvikelweni kwezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla, iphinde yakhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhwebelana kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo yamaloli ezicishamlilo, okwaphumela ezinzuzweni ezinkulu kwezenhlalo nezomnotho.Ngakho-ke, uchungechunge lwamazinga luzuze umklomelo wesithathu we-2020 China Standard Innovation Contribution Award.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-11-2021