Abacimi bomlilo bangabavikeli bezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla yabo, kanti amaloli omlilo ayimishini eyinhloko abacimi bomlilo abathembele kuyo ukubhekana nemililo nezinye izinhlekelele. Iloli lokuqala emhlabeni elisebenzisa injini yomlilo (injini yomlilo yangaphakathi eqhuba kokubili imoto kanye nephampu yomlilo) lakhiqizwa eJalimane ngo-1910, kanti iloli lokuqala elisebenzisa umlilo ezweni lami lakhiqizwa ngo-1932 yiShanghai Aurora Machinery Iron Factory. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweNew China, iqembu kanye nohulumeni babeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuvikelwa komlilo. Ngo-1965, uMnyango Wezomlilo wangaphambili woMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (manje osekuyi-Emergency Management Fire Rescue Bureau) wahlela iShanghai Fire Equipment Factory, iChangchun Fire Equipment Factory kanye ne-Aurora Fire Machinery Factory. Abakhiqizi bezimoto baklama futhi bakhiqiza iloli lokuqala lomlilo elikhiqizwe ngobuningi eNew China, iloli lomlilo lethangi lamanzi i-CG13, eShanghai, futhi laqaliswa ngokusemthethweni ukukhiqizwa ngo-1967. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezenhlalo, imboni yamaloli omlilo ezweni lami nayo ithuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu, ngezinhlobo zemikhiqizo ezahlukahlukene, futhi kuye kwavela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo afana namaloli omlilo ophakamisa umlilo kanye namaloli omlilo ophuthumayo.
Iloli lokuqala lomlilo laseShayina (imodeli yeMyuziyamu Yomlilo yaseShayina)
Ikhwalithi yamaloli omlilo ihlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kwe-ukulwa nomlilokanye namaqembu okuhlenga ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo kanye nokuhlenga, okuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kwezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyekezwa kwezindinganiso zayo kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulwa kwamaqembu okulwa nomlilo kanye nokuhlenga. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamaloli omlilo, ngo-1987, uMqondisi uLi Enxiang we-Shanghai Fire Science Research Institute yangaphambili yoMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (manje eyi-Shanghai Fire Research Institute yoMnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Shangxiao Institute”) wengamela ukwakhiwa kweloli lokuqala lomlilo ezweni lami. Indinganiso yomkhiqizo kazwelonke ephoqelekile “Izidingo zokusebenza kweloli lomlilo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola” (GB 7956-87). Inguqulo engu-87 yendinganiso yeloli lomlilo igxile kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwemoto kanye nokuthembeka, njengokusebenza kokusheshisa imoto, umfutho wokugeleza kwephampu yamanzi, isikhathi sokuphakamisa iloli lokuphakamisa, njll., ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kwephampu yomlilo, isikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo, njll. Kuye kwenziwa inani elikhulu lezifundo zokuhlola nokuqinisekisa, futhi izinto zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ezisetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje. Ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwaleli zinga kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kagesi kanye namakhono okulwa nomlilo ezimoto zokulwa nomlilo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1998, uhlelo lokuqala olubukeziwe lwe-GB 7956 “Izidingo Zokusebenza Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zamaloli Omlilo” lwakhishwa futhi lwasetshenziswa. Ngokusekelwe kunguqulo engu-87 yendinganiso, le nguqulo ihlanganisa izimo ezithile zikazwelonke zokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwamaloli omlilo kanye nezindinganiso nemithethonqubo efanele yezimoto okumele ilandelwe. Ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokulwa nomlilo kanye nezinto zokuhlola ukuthembeka kwamaloli omlilo, futhi ibuyekeze ukusebenza kokubhuleka kwamaloli omlilo. Izidingo nezindlela zokuhlola zithuthukise ukuguquguquka kokucushwa kwamaloli omlilo. Ngokuvamile, inguqulo engu-98 yendinganiso yamaloli omlilo izuza umqondo ojwayelekile wenguqulo engu-87, ikakhulukazi igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kweloli lomlilo.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto yezwe lami, ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nomlilo nokuhlenga, kanye nokwanda kwemisebenzi yamaqembu okulwa nomlilo nokuhlenga, izinhlobo zamaloli omlilo ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu. Zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obusha, imishini emisha, namaqhinga amasha asetshenziswa ngobuningi. Izidingo zokuphepha kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamaloli omlilo kube ngumuntu zihlala zikhula, futhi inguqulo engu-98 yendinganiso yamaloli omlilo kancane kancane ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo. Ukuze kuvunyelwane nezidingo zesimo esisha, kulinganiswe imakethe yamaloli omlilo, futhi kuholwe ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo, iKomidi Lokuphathwa Kwezindinganiso Zikazwelonke lakhipha umsebenzi wokubuyekeza indinganiso yamaloli omlilo ye-GB 7956 kwi-Shanghai Consumer Consumers Institute ngo-2006. Ngo-2009, indinganiso kazwelonke ye-GB 7956 “Fire Truck” esanda kubuyekezwa yathunyelwa ukuze ibukezwe. Ngo-2010, iHhovisi Lomlilo langaphambili loMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (manje eliyiHhovisi Lokuhlangulwa Komlilo loMnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo) labheka ukuthi izimoto eziningi kakhulu ezifakiwe kule nqubo azizange zilungele ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwale nqubo, futhi lanquma ukuhlukanisa le nqubo ibe yizindinganiso ezingaphansi kwezindinganiso ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo, okwakha indinganiso kazwelonke ephoqelekile ye-GB yochungechunge lwamaloli omlilo angu-7956. Ukwakhiwa kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwamazinga eloli lomlilo kwaqondiswa nguMqondisi uFan Hua, uMcwaningi uWan Ming, kanye noMcwaningi Ohlangene uJiang Xudong we-Shanghai Consumer Institute. Ihlanganisa amazinga angaphansi kwezindinganiso angu-24 (angu-12 akhishwe futhi asetshenziswa, angu-6 athunyelwe ukuze avunywe, futhi ukuthunyelwa ukuze kubuyekezwe sekuqediwe. 6), okuchaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile zemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezithile zezinhlobo ezingu-37 zemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo ezigabeni ezingu-4, okuhlanganisa ukulwa nomlilo, ukuphakamisa, isevisi ekhethekile, kanye nokuphepha.
Ingqungquthela Yokukhushulwa Okujwayelekile ye-GB7956.1-2014
Izindinganiso zezwe eziphoqelekile zochungechunge lwezimoto zomlilo ze-GB 7956 okokuqala zakha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimoto zomlilo eShayina. Izigaba zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa izici ezahlukene zokuklama, ukukhiqizwa, ukuhlolwa, ukwamukelwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo. Okuqukethwe kuphelele futhi izinkomba zifanelekile. , Kuseduze kakhulu nokulwa nomlilo kwangempela, ukusebenza okuqinile, futhi kuhambisana nezindinganiso zezimoto zamanje zaseShayina, imithetho efanele yokuphatha imikhiqizo yokuvikela umlilo, kanye nemithetho yokuqinisekiswa kwezimoto zomlilo kanye neminye imithetho nezindinganiso. Kudlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yemboni yamaloli omlilo yaseShayina kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. . Enqubweni yokulungiselela uchungechunge lwezindinganiso, ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwabakhiqizi bezimoto zomlilo zasekhaya nezangaphandle luye lwakhulunywa ngalo. Iningi lemingcele yobuchwepheshe litholakala ngocwaningo lwasekhaya nakwangaphandle kanye nemiboniso yokuhlola. Izidingo eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuhlola ziphakanyiswa okokuqala ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amalungelo obunikazi obuzimele akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwekhwalithi yamaloli omlilo ezweni lami futhi asheshise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yangaphandle.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-hydraulic kweloli yomlilo ye-foam
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kanye nokucindezeleka ekushayweni kweloli yomlilo ephakanyisiwe
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuhlolwa Kokuzinza Kweloli Lomlilo Eliphakanyisiwe
Izinga lochungechunge lwezimoto zomlilo ze-GB 7956 aliyona nje isisekelo esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe sokufinyelela emakethe kanye nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi kwamaloli omlilo, kodwa futhi nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe yokuklama umkhiqizo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi bamaloli omlilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, liphinde lihlinzeke ngokuthengwa, ukwamukelwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa kwamaloli omlilo amaqembu okuhlenga umlilo. Linikeza isiqinisekiso sobuchwepheshe esithembekile. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngamabhizinisi, izinhlangano zokuhlola kanye nezitifiketi emazweni ahlukahlukene, uchungechunge lwezindinganiso luhunyushwe futhi ezinguqulweni zesiNgisi nesiJalimane ngabakhiqizi bamaloli omlilo bakwamanye amazwe futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi yizikhungo zokuqinisekisa kanye nokuhlola zaseYurophu naseMelika. Ukukhishwa kochungechunge lwezindinganiso ze-GB 7956 kusebenzisa imithethonqubo esebenzayo futhi kukhuthaza intuthuko kanye nenqubekela phambili yemboni yamaloli omlilo, kusheshisa umhlalaphansi kanye nokususwa kobuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo ephelelwe yisikhathi, futhi kudlale indima enamandla ekuthuthukiseni izinga locwaningo kanye nentuthuko yezimoto zokulwa nomlilo zezwe lami kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini yeqembu lokuhlenga umlilo. Ngenkathi yenza iminikelo ebalulekile ekuvikelweni kwezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla, iphinde yakhuthaza ukuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokushintshana kobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo yamaloli omlilo, okuholela ezinzuzweni ezinkulu zomphakathi nezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, uchungechunge lwezindinganiso luwine umklomelo wesithathu we-2020 China Standard Innovation Contribution Award.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-11-2021